Geodetic dictionary
A
Aerial Photogrammetry
Aerial photogrammetry is a technique for determining the shape, dimensions and position of objects on the Earth's surface using aerial photographs. It is used to create maps, plans, 3D terrain models, for cadastre, urban planning, construction, etc. Aerial photogrammetry combines photographs taken from airplanes, drones or satellites with geodetic methods for precise measurement.
Aerophotogrammetric images
Aerophotogrammetric images are photographs taken from the air (aircraft, drone, satellite) that are used to measure, map and analyze terrain and objects on Earth. They are taken with specially calibrated photogrammetric cameras. They are usually taken overlapping (60% longitudinal, 30% transverse) to enable stereoscopic (3D) analysis. They are geometrically corrected or subsequently corrected for accurate measurements (especially for orthophoto maps). They can be vertical (pointed straight down) or oblique (at an angle – for better visualization of objects).
Astronomical geodesy
Astronomical geodesy is a branch of geodesy that uses astronomical observations (e.g. stars, Sun, planets) to determine the position of points on Earth. The basic geographical coordinates are measured: latitude, longitude and azimuth, and the results are related to the real surface of the Earth, not some projection or model. In the past, it was the basis for creating the first maps and determining the prime meridians, and today it is used in combination with modern methods such as GNSS (GPS, Galileo).
Addendum to the contract / Annex
A contract addendum is a legal document that changes or supplements the terms of an existing contract.
Authorized engineer of geodesy
A certified geodetic engineer is an expert who has obtained a license to perform complex geodetic work, including creating projects and managing geodetic works.
Agreement to secure a monetary claim
Agreement between the creditor and the debtor on the method of settling a monetary claim.
Agreement to secure a monetary claim by transferring ownership of real estate
A specific agreement by which a monetary claim is secured by transferring ownership of real estate.
Associate
A collaborator is a person who assists in performing various tasks and tasks within a specific project or working group, regardless of professional qualification.
Alimony Agreement
Alimony Agreement is an agreement by which one party assumes the obligation to support the other party until their death, and in return acquires ownership of the property immediately upon signing the agreement.
Agreement on the Establishment of Easement Rights
An easement contract is a contract establishing an easement, enabling one person to use a part of another's real estate for a specific purpose.
Agreement for the sale of an apartment where there is an occupancy right
A contract for the sale of an apartment in which there is a right of occupancy is a contract by which the owner of the apartment sells the apartment, but the new owner also takes over the existing right of occupancy in that apartment.
Agreement on the distribution of property during life
Agreement on the distribution of property during life is an agreement by which a person distributes his or her property among heirs while still alive, instead of the property being divided after death.
Agreement on the contribution of property and real estate to the share capital
Agreement on the contribution of property and real estate to the share capital is an agreement by which property and real estate are contributed as a capital contribution to the share capital of a company.
Agreement on the regulation of relations between spouses
Agreement on the regulation of relations between spouses is an agreement by which spouses regulate their mutual property relations.
B
BIM
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the process of creating and managing digital models of building objects. These models contain detailed information about the physical and functional characteristics of a building or infrastructure, including architectural, engineering and construction data. BIM enables collaboration between different experts in the design, construction and maintenance of a facility, thereby increasing efficiency, reducing errors and optimizing costs. Using BIM, investors and designers can better plan, monitor and manage projects throughout the entire life cycle of a building.
Book of deposited contracts
The right of ownership and other real rights to apartments located in buildings that are not entered in the main book are entered in the book of deposited contracts.
C
“Clean” papers
“Clean” papers are legal documents that confirm proper ownership of real estate, without any legal encumbrances or disputes.
Court register extract
Official record containing information about court proceedings and decisions.
Cadastre
The cadastre is a record that contains data on cadastral parcels, buildings or other structures that lie permanently on the earth's surface or under it and on special legal regimes on that surface. The cadastral records are kept by the regional offices of the State Geodetic Administration and the City Office for Cadastre and Geodetic Affairs of the City of Zagreb. The offices where the cadastre is kept are popularly called cadastral offices or just cadastre.
Cadastral parcel
A cadastral parcel is a basic unit in the land cadastre and real estate cadastre, which is defined by boundaries and entered in the cadastral register. Each parcel has a unique number.
Cadastral Survey Program
The Cadastral Survey Program includes all planned activities and projects related to the measurement and updating of cadastral data at the national or local level.
Court settlement
Agreement between the parties reached with the participation of the court, which is then confirmed by a court decision.
Co-ownership agreement
Agreement between co-owners of real estate on their mutual rights and obligations.
Claim
A written request filed with a court initiating legal proceedings to protect rights or seek legal relief.
Contract
A contract is a legal document by which two or more parties commit to certain actions or mutual obligations.
Contract on the establishment of building rights
A contract on the establishment of the right to build is a contract by which the owner of the land grants another person the right to build and use a building on that land.
Certificate of residence
Official certificate proving where a person has a registered residence.
Conclusion
A written decision or conclusion reached at the end of a particular procedure or event.
D
Declaration of deletion
A declaration of deletion is a document that confirms the deletion of a certain right or burden from the land register.
Dulum of land, jutro of land
Dulum of land or jutro of land is an old unit of measurement for area used in some parts of Croatia. A jutro is approximately 0.575 hectares.
Declaration of renunciation
A declaration of renunciation is a document by which a person renounces a certain right, most often the right of ownership or inheritance.
Death certificate
Official record confirming the details of a person's death.
Decision on award
A judgment of adjudication is a court decision awarding ownership of certain real property to a specific person, usually in the context of foreclosure or bankruptcy.
Derived Status Decision
The decision on the completed state is a document by which the competent authority retroactively legalizes a building or part of a building that was built without a building permit or in violation of it. This decision confirms that the completed object meets the minimum technical requirements and is safe for use.
Decision on dissolution of co-ownership community of real estate
The decision on dissolution of co-ownership community of real estate is a court decision that terminates the co-ownership community and distributes common property among the co-owners.
Decision on urban consolidation
The decision on urban compaction is a decision that implements the reshaping of land for the purpose of urban planning and rational use of space.
Divisorship Agreement
A partition agreement is an agreement by which co-owners of real estate divide their joint property into individual parts.
E
Energy Certificate Information System
Energy certifiers, authorized persons, prepare Reports on energy audits of buildings. Based on the reports, energy certificates for buildings are then prepared. The certificates provide insight into the actual condition of the object in question. Energy certifiers are key because they provide instructions on measures and activities that users or owners should apply to improve their building, or how to maintain it properly so that it lasts longer. In Croatia, according to available data from the IEC database (Energy Certificate Information System), there are currently over 588 authorized natural persons and over 510 authorized legal entities for energy certification. For each authorized person (natural and legal), the type of authorization that the authorized person possesses is also listed.
Excerpt from the register of births / Birth certificate
Official record that confirms a person's birth information.
Expression of will
A written document expressing a person's will on a legal matter.
Expropriation decision
An expropriation decision is a decision of a competent body by which real estate is expropriated in the public interest, with compensation to the owner.
Enforcement decision
An enforcement decision is a decision of a court or other competent body determining the forced collection of a debt from the debtor's property.
G
Graduated geodesy engineer
A graduated geodesy engineer is a person who has completed the study of geodesy and obtained an academic degree of graduates. This qualification allows work in various geodetic jobs.
Geodetic survey
Geodetic survey is a procedure for determining the dimensions, positions and shapes of land and objects using geodetic instruments and methods.
Geodetic project
The geodetic project was introduced by the Construction Act (OG 153/13) on 1 January 2014. It is an integral part of the main project for obtaining a building permit, i.e. the preliminary design for obtaining a location permit. The geodetic project is no longer prepared in this form, in accordance with the currently valid Construction Act (OG 39/2019, OG 125/19).
Geodetic situational draft of the actual state
A geodetic situational draft of the actual state is a detailed geodetic document that shows the current state of a certain area or object. This draft is used in various architectural, construction, legal processes in order to precisely document the existing characteristics of the terrain and objects.
Geodetic survey
A geodetic survey is the result of geodetic measurement, and it includes all collected data on land and objects. The survey is used to create geodetic plans and maps.
Geodetic technician
A geodetic technician is an expert with a high school qualification in the field of geodesy. He assists engineers in performing field measurements and data processing.
Geodetic measurement
Geodetic measurement includes a set of methods and procedures that determine the spatial positions of points on the ground and in space. It is used for the purposes of mapping, planning and construction.
Gruntovna
Gruntovna is an older name for land registers or land cadastre. It is used in some parts of Croatia to refer to land registers. Some also say Zemljišnik or Zemljišnjak.
Gruntovnica
Gruntovnica is an older name for an office or institution that keeps land registers. In the modern context, these are the land registry departments of courts.
GUP
GUP, or General Urban Plan, is a document that determines the spatial planning and development of a city or municipality. This plan defines zones such as residential, business, industrial and recreational areas, as well as infrastructure elements such as roads and utility systems. GUP also determines construction conditions, environmental protection, cultural assets and plans the future development of urban areas. The goal of GUP is to ensure sustainable and functional growth of the city, while respecting legal and spatial restrictions.
Grant Agreement
A grant agreement is an agreement by which the donor transfers ownership of real estate to the donee free of charge.
Grant Agreement on Death
A grant agreement on death is an agreement by which the donor transfers ownership of real estate to the donee, but the transfer becomes valid only after the donor's death.
H
Hectar
A hectare is a unit of measurement for area, equal to 10,000 square meters. It is often used to measure agricultural land and large areas.
Croatian Chamber of Certified Geodetic Engineers (HKOIG)
The Croatian Chamber of Certified Geodetic Engineers (HKOIG) is a professional organization that gathers and represents certified geodetic engineers in Croatia. The Chamber regulates professional standards and promotes the interests of its members.
Hvat, square fathom
A fathom is an old unit of measurement for length, approximately 1.8965 meters. A square fathom is an area unit, approximately 3.5965 square meters.
Historical extract from the court register
Archive data from the court register relating to past court proceedings.
I
Inheritance decision
An inheritance decision is a court decision determining the heirs and the distribution of the property of a deceased person.
K
KPU extract
A KPU extract is an extract from the cadastral registration plan that shows data about a property, including its location, shape, and area. It is an official document issued by the cadastre. It contains information about real estate, such as land or buildings, and is used to prove ownership or other rights over real estate. A KPU extract includes information such as: Owner: Information about who owns the land or building. Cadastral municipality: Territorial unit in which the property is located. Cadastral parcel: Land designation, which serves as identification in the cadastre. Area: Size of the land. Land use: Information about how the land is classified (e.g. agricultural, construction).
L
Land Database (BZP)
The land database combines data from the cadastre and the land register. It consists of data from the real estate cadastre on the name of the cadastral municipality, the number of the cadastral plot, its shape, area, development and use, and data from the land register on the holders of book rights, legal facts and personal relationships. In the Republic of Croatia, the process of transferring plots to the land database is gradually being implemented.
Legalization
The legalization service for buildings is currently not available. Below is an explanation of what this procedure looked like when legalization was possible. Legalization of a building is the process of obtaining an appropriate document that legalizes an illegally constructed building. After legalizing the building, i.e. after obtaining a final Decision on the completed state, it is necessary to register the building in the cadastre and land registers. To register the building, it is necessary to prepare a Geodetic study for recording the building in the cadastre and land registers. The basic documents required for preparing the study are: a decision on the completed state, a geodetic survey and an architectural survey. The documentation that must be submitted with the Request for Legalization depends on the category of the building being legalized. The categories are as follows: demanding building, less demanding building, simple building and auxiliary building.
List of documents for the use of a building
This is a list of legal documents required for the legal use and occupancy of a building. These documents confirm that the building was built in accordance with building regulations and standards and that it is safe for use: 1. Occupancy permit 2. As-built status certificate 3. Other documents from Article 175 of the Construction Act (if issued before 01.01.2014)
List of documents on the basis of which registration in the land register is carried out
The list of documents includes all documents required for the legally valid registration of ownership rights and other real rights in the land register. These documents include various types of contracts, decisions, judgments and certificates that prove changes in ownership or other rights over real estate.
Life Support Agreement
A life support agreement is an agreement by which one party undertakes to support the other party until their death, and ownership of the property passes to the support provider upon the death of the dependent.
Loan Agreement
A loan agreement is an agreement by which a lender provides a loan to a borrower with terms for repaying the loan with or without interest.
Lease contract
A lease contract is a contract by which the lessor grants the lessee the right to use the property for a certain period of time in exchange for rent.
Lease Agreement
A lease agreement is a contract by which the lessor gives the lessee the right to use the property for a certain period of time with the payment of rent.
Land Registry (Landlord, Landowner)
The Land Registry is a public registry in which rights to land and real estate are recorded, including ownership and encumbrances. The Land Registry is crucial for legal certainty in real estate transactions. Sometimes the terms landowner or landowner are also used in speech, which are incorrect, but people in some parts of Croatia still use them.
Land registry plot
A land registry plot is a land unit that is registered in the land registry, has its own number and land registry file number. It reflects ownership and legal relations on the land.
Land Registry Extract
Land Registry Extract is an official extract from the land registry that shows the current status of rights to real estate, including ownership and encumbrances such as mortgages.
M
Marriage certificate
Official record confirming the details of a person's marriage.
Marital Property Division Agreement
A marital property division agreement is an agreement by which spouses divide property acquired during marriage.
Merger Agreement
A contract of merger is a contract by which one legal entity is merged with another, transferring all its rights and obligations to that other entity.
N
New survey
A new survey is a re-measurement of land and buildings with the aim of updating and specifying existing data in geodetic and cadastral records. More information can be found here (link to the text above about new surveys).
O
Other documents from Article 175 of the Construction Act (if issued before 01.01.2014)
Other documents from Article 175 of the Construction Act include various documents that were issued under previous regulations and are recognized as valid acts for the use of the building. These documents may include: 1. Certificate of usability – A document that confirms that the building was built in accordance with professional rules and that it can be used safely. 2. Extract from the building permit – A document that may contain a certificate of completion of construction works and compliance with the building permit. 3. Technical inspection report – A document that confirms that the building has passed a technical inspection and is ready for use. 4. Contractor's declaration – A document in which the contractor declares that all work has been carried out in accordance with building regulations and permits. These documents, if issued before January 1, 2014, may be recognized as valid acts for the use of the building according to the regulations in force at that time.
P
Property-legal relations
Property-legal relations refer to legal relations between persons related to ownership, possession and other forms of property rights. These relations regulate who has the right to use, dispose of or manage certain property, such as land, real estate or movable property. Owners have the right to enjoy their property, but also obligations under legal regulations. Property-legal relations also include the transfer of ownership, inheritance and rights to other people's property, such as easements. They are regulated by law and can lead to disputes that are resolved through the courts.
Plot
A plot is a defined and marked area of land that represents the smallest unit in the cadastral system. It can be private or public property. The term plot is often used in order, but the official name is cadastral parcel.
Special geodetic base, PGP
The special geodetic base (PGP) is a base for the design of buildings that used to be made according to the Law on Spatial Planning and Construction, which was in force until 31 December 2013. The PGP is a position-height view of the terrain and contains a view of buildings (buildings, walls, fences, bridges, etc.), roads (roads, roads, etc.), boundary markers (concrete pillars, iron wedges, etc.), crop boundaries (meadows, pastures, arable fields, vineyards, etc.), infrastructure (electricity, water, drainage, telecommunications, gas, etc.) and other details. Depending on the needs of the planners, in addition to heights, strata can also be shown on the PGP. The measured condition on the ground overlaps with the official cadastral plan. the base is sent to the cadastre for confirmation. The confirmed foundation is handed over to the planners for planning. The PGP is no longer provided for by the Spatial Planning Act (OG 153/2013), but now a geodetic situational plan of the actual situation is being prepared.
Power of Attorney
A document by which a person authorizes another person to perform certain legal actions on their behalf.
Property restitution decision
A decision on the return of property is a decision of the competent body that determines the return of property to its original owner.
Professional Associate
A professional associate is a person with appropriate education who provides support to experts in a specific field, including geodesy. He/She participates in the preparation and implementation of projects.
Partnership Agreement (Partnership Agreement)
A partnership agreement is an agreement by which two or more persons establish a joint venture or business relationship with the aim of making a profit.
R
Real estate exchange agreement
A real estate exchange agreement is an agreement by which two parties exchange ownership of their real estate.
Registration of a building in the cadastre and land register / Registration of a building
Registration of a building is the process of recording constructed buildings in the cadastre and land register. After the building is built, the owner is legally obliged to carry out a survey. This procedure is carried out by a certified geodetic engineer with a geodetic study, which is then submitted to the cadastre. A building can be registered even if it does not have evidence of legality (for example, a building permit), but in that case a note is placed in the land register that the building does not have a legality act.
S
State Geodetic Administration (SGA)
The State Geodetic Administration (SGA) is a state institution responsible for conducting geodetic and cadastral affairs in Croatia. The SGA manages and maintains cadastral and topographic data.
Surveyor
A surveyor is a specialist who measures and maps the earth's surface and objects on the ground. He uses various instruments and technologies to precisely determine the position and height of individual points on the terrain.
Surveying
Surveying is the process of precise measurement of land or objects in the field in order to obtain the data necessary for the creation of maps, plans or other geodetic documents.
Surveyor
A surveyor is a professional who conducts various technical measurements, including geodetic measurements. In geodesy, a surveyor performs field measurements necessary for the preparation of geodetic plans and maps.
Settlement
A written agreement between the parties to a dispute that regulates their rights and obligations.
Spatial Plan
A spatial plan is a document that determines the purpose, use and method of spatial planning in a specific area. It plans the layout of construction, infrastructure and other interventions in space, as well as the protection of natural and cultural resources. Spatial plans are prepared at different levels (state, regional and local) and serve as the basis for making decisions on the construction and development of an area. Their purpose is to ensure sustainable development and balanced use of space in accordance with the needs of society and environmental protection.
Solution
A decision is an official document by which a competent authority makes a decision on a specific legal issue.
Symposium of the Croatian Chamber of Certified Geodetic Engineers
The Symposium of the Croatian Chamber of Certified Geodetic Engineers is a professional gathering organized by the Croatian Chamber of Certified Geodetic Engineers, and is intended for the exchange of knowledge and experience among surveyors and experts in related fields.
Settled ownership
Settled ownership implies that all legal relationships and ownership data about the real estate are clearly defined and registered in the land registry, without unresolved disputes or disagreements.
Sales Agreement / Purchase Agreement
A sales agreement is an agreement by which the seller transfers ownership of real estate to the buyer in exchange for an agreed-upon price.
Sales contract with right of first refusal
A sales contract with right of first refusal is a contract by which the buyer acquires the right of first refusal, or priority in purchasing a property if the seller decides to sell the property.
Sales Conclusion
A document confirming a conclusion or decision on the sale of an object or property.
T
Tabular statement
A written document containing a list or overview of certain data.
Termination Agreement
A contract termination agreement is an agreement by which the parties terminate an existing contract and cease to fulfill their contractual obligations.
U
Usage License
The use permit is an official document issued by the competent authority, which confirms that the building was built in accordance with the issued construction permit and technical regulations and that it is safe for use. The use permit enables the owner or user of the building to use the building legally.
V
Verdict
Official decision of the court on the outcome of the court proceedings.